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| high_hyperopia [2026/07/26 15:37] – Scott Larson | high_hyperopia [2026/07/27 18:07] (current) – Scott Larson | ||
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| - **≥+5.00 D** is the most widely used cutoff for "high hyperopia" | - **≥+5.00 D** is the most widely used cutoff for "high hyperopia" | ||
| - **≥+4.00 D** is used in some epidemiologic studies as the threshold for " | - **≥+4.00 D** is used in some epidemiologic studies as the threshold for " | ||
| - | - **≥+7.00 D** is often used to define the extreme end of the spectrum, particularly in the context of structural conditions such as **nanophthalmos** and **posterior microphthalmos**.[6][7] | + | - **≥+7.00 D** is often used to define the extreme end of the spectrum, particularly in the context of structural conditions such as **nanophthalmos** and **posterior |
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| ===== Structural Ocular Conditions ===== | ===== Structural Ocular Conditions ===== | ||
| - | **Nanophthalmos** — Extreme hyperopia (+8 to +25 D) due to a very short axial length with normal cornea and lens size. Associated with angle-closure glaucoma, thickened sclera, and uveal effusion.[5][8] | + | |
| - | + | * Posterior | |
| - | **Posterior microphthalmos** — Short axial length with normal anterior segment dimensions. Associated with macular folds (papillomacular folds) and high hyperopia, but lower rates of angle-closure glaucoma compared to nanophthalmos.[5] | + | |
| ===== Genetic Syndromes Featuring High Hyperopia ===== | ===== Genetic Syndromes Featuring High Hyperopia ===== | ||
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| - Sprunger DT, Lambert SR, Hercinovic A, et al. Esotropia and Exotropia Preferred Practice Pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023. [[https:// | - Sprunger DT, Lambert SR, Hercinovic A, et al. Esotropia and Exotropia Preferred Practice Pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023. [[https:// | ||
| - Zhou S, Pardeshi AA, Burkemper B, et al. Refractive Error and Anterior Chamber Depth as Risk Factors in Primary Angle Closure Disease: The Chinese American Eye Study. J Glaucoma. 2023. [[https:// | - Zhou S, Pardeshi AA, Burkemper B, et al. Refractive Error and Anterior Chamber Depth as Risk Factors in Primary Angle Closure Disease: The Chinese American Eye Study. J Glaucoma. 2023. [[https:// | ||
| - | - Relhan N, Jalali S, Pehre N, et al. High-Hyperopia Database, Part I: Clinical Characterisation Including Morphometric (Biometric) Differentiation of Posterior Microphthalmos From Nanophthalmos. Eye (Lond). 2016. [[https:// | + | - Relhan N, Jalali S, Pehre N, et al. High-Hyperopia Database, Part I: Clinical Characterisation Including Morphometric (Biometric) Differentiation of Posterior Microphthalmos From Nanophthalmos. Eye (Lond). 2016. [[https:// |
| - Jonas JB, Aung T, Bourne RR, et al. Glaucoma. Lancet. 2017. [[https:// | - Jonas JB, Aung T, Bourne RR, et al. Glaucoma. Lancet. 2017. [[https:// | ||
| - Jacobs DS, Afshari NA, Bishop RJ, et al. Refractive Errors Preferred Practice Pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023. [[https:// | - Jacobs DS, Afshari NA, Bishop RJ, et al. Refractive Errors Preferred Practice Pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023. [[https:// | ||