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| toxodromes [2026/06/30 17:39] – [Opioid] Scott Larson | toxodromes [2026/06/30 17:54] (current) – Scott Larson |
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| ====Sedative-Hypnotic==== | ====Sedative-Hypnotic==== |
| This syndrome results from the enhancement of GABA receptors, which generally slows down brain activity. | This syndrome results from the enhancement of GABA receptors, which generally slows down brain activity. |
| | * Common Agents: |
| • Common Agents: Benzodiazepines (e.g., Valium, Xanax), barbiturates, ethanol (alcohol), and sleeping aids (Z-drugs). | * Benzodiazepines (e.g., Valium, Xanax) |
| • Key Symptoms: Drowsiness, slurred speech, confusion, and ataxia (loss of coordination). | * Barbiturates, |
| • Vital Signs & Exam: Depressed breathing, decreased reflexes (hyporeflexia), and low blood pressure. Unlike opioids, pinpoint pupils are generally not a feature of this toxidrome. | * Ethanol |
| | * Sleeping aids (Z-drugs) |
| | * Key Symptoms |
| | * Drowsiness, slurred speech, confusion, and ataxia |
| | * Vital Signs & Exam: |
| | * Depressed breathing |
| | * Hyporeflexia |
| | * Hypotension |
| | * Eye findings: generally not a feature of this toxidrome. |
| |
| ====Resources==== | ====Resources==== |
| |
| - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UjhK1pCqJk| Youtube link]] | - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UjhK1pCqJk| |
| - [[https://www.jove.com/science-education/v/17274/toxidromes-clinical-features|Toxodrome clinical features]] | Poisoning and Toxidromes: Definitions, Types & Diagnosis – Emergency Medicine]] |
| - [[https://iem-student.org/2024/11/29/toxidromes-2024/ |Toxidrome Review]] | - [[https://iem-student.org/2024/11/29/toxidromes-2024/ |Toxidrome Review]] |
| - [[https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Toxidromes_poisoning/ Toxidrome Poisioning Clinical Guide]] | - [[https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Toxidromes_poisoning/ |Toxidrome Poisioning Clinical Guide]] |
| - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qwSaFlFvFeA |Youtube link]] | - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qwSaFlFvFeA | Toxicology And Toxidromes by EM Note]] |
| - [[https://emspodcast.com/episode/toxidromes-demystified-master-the-art-of-identifying-drug-overdoses-when-you-dont-know-what-they-took/| Demystifying Toxodromes]] | - [[https://adc.bmj.com/content/110/9/681 |Paediatric emergency medicine: Toxidromes and a general approach to poisoning Free. Robert J Hoffman and Andrea Nillas. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2025; 110(9):681-686]] |
| - [[https://adc.bmj.com/content/110/9/681 | Link]] | |
| - [[https://emergencycarebc.ca/clinical_resource/clinical-summary/common-toxidromes-diagnosis-treatment/ | Common Toxodromes]] | - [[https://emergencycarebc.ca/clinical_resource/clinical-summary/common-toxidromes-diagnosis-treatment/ | Common Toxodromes]] |
| [9] https://emspodcast.com/episode/toxidromes/ | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxidrome| Wikipedia:Toxidrome]] |
| [10] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JE0owcG85I | - [[https://foamed.ebmedicine.net/rapid-reference/toxidromes/|EbMedicine Rapid Reference: Toxidromes]] |
| [11] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxidrome | - [[https://chemm.hhs.gov/toxicsyndromes.htm|CHEMM Toxidromes]] |
| [12] https://foamed.ebmedicine.net/rapid-reference/toxidromes/ | |
| [13] https://chemm.hhs.gov/toxicsyndromes.htm | |
| [14] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAOK66qAoBg | |
| [15] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12429776/ | |
| [16] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/toxidrome | |
| [17] http://www.thegasmanhandbook.co.uk/toxidromes.html | |
| [18] https://www.jems.com/patient-care/emergency-medical-care/common-poisoning-syndromes-to-know/ | |
| [19] https://www.tldrpharmacy.com/content/a-pharmacist-friendly-introduction-to-toxicology | |
| [20] https://hospitalhandbook.ucsf.edu/content/03-toxidromes | |
| [21] https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/general-principles-of-toxidromes/ | |
| [22] https://quizlet.com/study-guides/major-toxidromes-symptoms-drugs-and-identification-ea3f9aa1-fd53-45db-a6bd-1b55d8f148e1 | |
| [23] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12429776/ | |
| [24] https://floridapoisoncontrol.org/healthcare-professional/toxidromes/ | |
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| | {{tag>drugs}} |